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• 1: The Brain-Mind link 1

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• What is the Encephalization Quotient?

  Brain weight vs body mass: E=CS^r
  E= brain weight
  C = Cephalization factor
  S = Body weight
  r= constant (0,66 for mammals)
  
  EQ = The size of the brain/weight ration compared to other animals

• What kind of animals succeed more in problem solving?

  - Animals with large brains, 
  - Animals with high Cephalisation.

• Does brain size and encephalization depend on social behaviour?

  Yes, social animals usually have bigger brains.

• What does lissencephaly mean? What does it mean in the human brain?

  The differences in gyration. (a sea cow has almost none gyri, while a land cow has lots.)
  
  Lissencephaly in a human brain means severe developmental delay, seizures and early death.

• Why is it difficult, if not impossible, to make allometric approaches about the relation ship between brain size and body?

  
  - Body 
  - Weight issues (Birds having to fly)
  - Protection from cold, (fat of whales)
  - Muscle proportion
  
  Brain
  - Cortex vs Subcortical vs Cerebellum
  - Gyration
  - Cortical thickness
  - Neurons vs Glial cells (supportive tissue)
  - Neuron Density

• What parts of the thalamus differ & for what reason?

  -Sexually Dismorphic Nucleus (SDN): Larger in males than females
  
  - Bed Nucleus Stria Treminalis (BST): Larger in males than females. Smaller in men that feel women.
  
  -Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: (SCN) Larger in woman than men. Larger in homosexual man than hetero sexual man

• What is golgi staining en what does it do?

  Fills the entire cell with silver
  Reveals shape of individual cells
  Fills some cells, not all (why?)

• What are stellate cells and pyramidal cells?

  Stellate cells: Small cells, circular dendrites, short axons, often inhibitory
  
  Pyramidal cells: Triangular cell body, apical dendrites, ling axons that leave the cortex, mostly excitatory.

• What do we call the study of cellular composition of the brain?

  Cytoarchitecture

• What are the different layers in cytoarchitecture?

  Integration Layer 1: Only fibers
  Processing Layers 2&3
  Input layer: 4
  Output Layer: 5&6