Summary - English vocabulary in use : advanced ; [100 units of vocabulary reference and practice self-study and classroom use]

• 5 Global contact and language enrichment

• loan words/ borrowings

  when one language takes words from another
• lexicons

  vocabulary
• sources

  where something comes from
• enriched

  made richer
• word stock

  set of words
• of classical origin

  from acient Latin or Greek
• linguistic consequences

  results affecting language
• amber 

  arabic; yellowy-orange precious stone
• roster

  dutch; list of people's turns for jobs
• tabby

  farsi; female or stripy cat
• gimmick

  german; firivolous way of attracting attention
• tonic

  greek; medicine to make you feel more lively
• cot

  hindi; child's bed with high vertical sides
• mumps

  icelandic; a childhood illness
• hara-kiri

  japanese; type of ceremonial suicide
• palaver

  portuguese; unnecessary trouble
• intelligentsia

  russian; social class of intellectuals
• hammock

  spanish; net hung and used as a bed
• turban

  turkish; type of men's headwear

• 6 Similar but different: words easily confused

• intervene

  step in: neutral meaning
• interfere

  involve herself: negative and critical
• continually

  very frequently: often negative
• continuously

  without stopping
• series

  set of related programmes
• serial

  set of programmes where story continues over different episodes
• in the shade of

  out of the sun: pleasant connotation
• shadows

  dark areas or shapes
• in the shadow of

  in a place dominated by: negative connotation
• moist

  slightly wet
• damp

  slightly wet in a unpleasant way
• theme

  the main idea of everything followed
• security

  concerned with protection of property
• safety

  concerned with prevention of accidents
• end up

  finish
• upend

  move into a vertical position
• hold up

  delay
• uphold

  confirm, support
• do out

  decorate
• out do

  do better than