Read the summary and the most important questions on Food components and health

• 1 Week 1 Basic principles

• 1.2 Study disign

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• What are the types of experimental studies and what is it?

  Intervention studies are the type
  Experimental study's are the most powerful. You actually do an interventional experiment. 

• What are the types of observational studies?

  • prospective cohort studies 
  • case-control studies
  • cross sectional studies 
  • Ecological population based studies 

  
  
  Diet of people is not changed. They are studied in there natural context. It can not lead to hard conclusions only associations. 

• What is a FFQ?

  A FFQ stands for food frequency questionnaire 
  It assess how often you eat certain foods and in what amount. 
  It is a dietary assessment method

• What is a 24 h dietary recall?

  This is a dietary assessment method.
  A dietitian writes down what a person ate in the last 24h (usually performed several times. 

• What is a food diary?

  This is a dietary assessment method. 
  It is written down and weighted what people eat. 
  
  Unfortunalty people tend to change there eating habits and loos motivation and forget to write down things. 

• What are food composition tables?

  These tables contain information about nutritional content of food, unfortunately they are incomplete and many food products are not listed.

• What is a cross sectional study?

  This is a observational study.
  
  The dietary intake is linked to a health or disease related paramater. This is done at a single moment. 
  The downside is that you don't now which one came first. (diet coke or obesity)
  So there is risk of cofounding

• What is a case control study?

  This is a observational study.
  
  The dietary intake of sick people is compared with the dietary intake of healthy people. So there is a control group. You look in the past with this study with a food frequency questioner. 
  The advantage is that you can study rear diseases. 
  The disadvantage is that there could be bias and cofounding. 

• What is a cohort study?

  People are flooded for a long time and when they get sick later in life it is coupled to the things they awnserd in the FFQ. 
  This is the most powerful observation study. 
  
  disadvantages:
  they relay on FFQ
  Cofounding can happen

• What is a intervention study?

  You don't just observe you change something. So you intervene 
  . 
  2 groups are made one who gets the treatment and one who gets a placebo. You measure the hanges that happen before and after the treatment. 
  
  advantage: you have avoidance without cofounding and bias. 
  disadvantages: If you wand to see if people get have to follow them for many years.