Read the summary and the most important questions on GIT SCM getting started | google

• 1 Distributed Version Control

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• What is difference between D VCS and VCS.

  D VCS only stores differences with previous version  (complete object content!). This results in less data => faster and more powerfull tool.

• How are objects linked.

  Objects are linked using pointers to the objects that contain 41 bits SHA1-hash checksums.

• 2 File Status LifeCycle

• What status can a File be in GIT and where is it stored.

  Unmodified           (Commited and thus in repository)

  Modified                 (Changed/added/removed and thus untracked, only in workarea!)

  Staged                     (Changed and tracked, in repository).

• 3 Reposit Data Structure

• What is a branch.

  A branch is a pointer pointing to a specific snapshot.

  Each commit stores the changes ontop of the previous snapshot.

• How are snapshots created/managed in GIT?

  As a linked list of Commits that represent branches.

  Each Commit uses pointers to its tree and blob information (representing the difference between that commit and its predecessor).

• What are the basic pointers called in GIT.

  Masterpointer => pointer that belongs to the initial branch (the one you started with). It moves along with the commits on this branch.

  
  

  Headpointer => pointer that points to the last commit of the active (current) branch ('go ahead').

• What object types can a GIT repository contain and what does their structure look like?

  Blobs   => object storage (content + size).

  Trees   => directory structure storage (pointers to all blobs (names + SHA1-hash value).

  Commits => snapshot (pointers to previous commit and current tree with their SHA1-hash value).

• 3.1 Basic GIT commands

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• How to "add readme.txt" to staging area.

  $git add readme.txt

• How to "create a branch 'testing' "? And how to 'change the HEAD pointer to this new branch'?And how can these two commands be combined

  $git branch testing

  $git checkout testing

  $git chckout -eb testing

• How to jump back to master branch?

  $git checkout master => it updates workarea with content master branch.