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• 1 Management and leaders

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• How are managers changing?

  Nowadays the act more like coaches, work in teams and are evaluated by people from all levels. Managers are younger and more progressive. 

• What's a mission statement?

  This outlines the organisation's fundamental purposes and is the foundation for setting specific goals and objectives within the organisation. 
  It includes;
  - the organisation's self-concept
  - its philosophy
  - long-term survival needs
  - customer needs
  - social responsibility
  - nature of the product/service

• What's the difference between goals and objectives?

  Goals: borad, long-term accomplishments an organisation wishes to attain
  Objectives: specific, short-term statements detailing how to achieve the organisation's goals.

• What are the 4 forms of planning?

  1. Strategic planning; determining the main goals of the organisation and what it needs to achieve them by top managers
  2. Tactical planning; the identification of specific, short-range objectives by lower-level managers (what to do, who is to do it and how)
  3. operational planning; setting of work standards and schedules
  4. contingency planning; backup plans in case primary plan fails. 

• What are the 7 Ds of decision making?

  1. Define the situation
  2. Describe and collect needed information
  3. Develop alternatives
  4. Develop agreement among those involved
  5. Decide which alternative is best
  6. Do what is indicated
  7. Determine whether the decision was a good one and follow up

• What are problem-solving techniques?

  - brainstorming; coming up with as many solutions to a certain problem in a short time of period, without censoring any ideas.
  - PMI; pluses, minuses, implications (conclusions)

• What are the skills managers need?

  1. Technical skills; solve problems in a specific discipline (first-line management)
  2. Human relations skills; motivate and communicate (with) people (middle management, important for everyone)
  3. conceptual skills; see the organisation as a whole and the relationship among its parts (top-management)

• Who are the C...O and what do they do?

  - CEO; chief executive officer -> introduces change
  - COO; chief operating officer -> implements changes
  - CFO; chief financial officer -> obtains budgets, funds, etc.
  - CIO/CKO; chief information/knowledge officer -> gets the right info to the right people

• What must a leader do?

  - Set up corporate values
  - Promote corporate ethics (equality)
  - Embrace change
  - Communicate a vision which employees believe in (trust)
  - stress responsibility (transparency)

• What are the different leadership styles?

  1. autocratic; making decisions without consulting
  2. participative/democratic; managers and employees work together to make decisions
  3. free-rein; managers set objectives and employees are free to do whatever is appropriate to accomplish those objectives.