Read the summary and the most important questions on Peril or prosperity? Mapping worldviews of global environmental change

• 1 Four environmental worldviews

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• Which four main worldviews are introduced in the paper by Clapp and Dauvergne?

  -Market liberals
  -Institutionalists
  -Bioenvironmentalists
  -Social greens

• What is a worldview?

  A way of perceiving the world; understanding a situation; outlook on life; how one perceives reality.

• 1.1 Market liberals

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• How do market liberals interpret the concept of sustainability?

  Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (1987, World Commission on Environment and Development)

• In which fields is the analysis of market liberals grounded according to the paper by Clapp and Dauvergne?

  Neoclassical economics and scientific research.

• What is the relation between economic and environmental prosperity according to market liberals?

  Economic growth created higher incomes and as a result the funds and political will to improve environmental conditions.

• How do market liberals look at globalisation?

  They consider it a positive thing because it created oportunities for economic growth. Even though they acknowledge that in a pursuit of short term profit environment will suffer, they argue that on the long term, when economic prosperity is achieved, citizens and governments will raise environmental standards

• According to market liberals, what are the main drivers of environmental degradation?

  -lack of economic growth
  -poverty
  -failure of the market
  -bad policies

• How do market liberals perceive the poor in relation to environmental degradation?

  It would be unjust to aks the poor to consider implications of their own survival for future generations. The poor are both an agent and a victim of environmental damage. The only way out of this cycle is to aleviate poverty through economic growth.

• How do market liberals see the future of the world?

  In a optimistic way. They stress scientific achievements and believe that innovations will bring solutions for current environmental issues.

• What are sollutions for the current environmental issues according to the market liberals?

  Policy reforms that lead to:
  -liberalisation of trades and investments
  -foster specialisation
  -reduce government subsidies that distort markets and wastes resources
  Strenghtening of government institutions
  Government makes use of market based tools (tradable polution permits)