Read the summary and the most important questions on Principles of human physiology. | 9780321681829 | Cindy L. Stanfield.

• 1 H18 Zenuwstelsel en zintuigen

  This is a preview. There are 6 more flashcards available for chapter 1
  Show more cards here

• What are  nuclei (nucleus)?

  cell  bodies of neurons that are grouped together in  central  nervous  system

• pathways,  tracs,  commisures

  bundles of axons

• 3.4.1 ATP: The medium of energy exchange

  This is a preview. There are 3 more flashcards available for chapter 3.4.1
  Show more cards here

• Through what reaction is ATP synthesized?

  
  With Pi = phosphor. 

• What type of reaction is the formation of ATP?

  A phosphorylation reaction, because phosphor is added. 

• What are the 2 basic processes through which ATP synthesis occurs and what are the reaction formulas?

  • Substrate-level phosphorylation:

  
                
  
  

  • Oxidative phosphorylation:

  
                

• 3.4.2 ATP in action

• Which energy is used to synthesize ATP and why?

  The energy derived from glucose oxidation, because it occurs spontaneously due to its negative energy change.

• How many ATP is synthesized from one mole of glucose and give the formula?

  1 mole of glucose releases 686 kcal energy, and 7 kcal of energy is required to synthesize 1 mole of ATP. Therefore glycolysis of 1 mole of glucose releases enough energy to make 98 moles of ATP. However, only 1/3 of this amount (38) is actually synthesized.
  
  

• 3.5.1 Glycolysis

  This is a preview. There are 1 more flashcards available for chapter 3.5.1
  Show more cards here

• What is gylcolysis and give the formula?

  The splitting of sugar. Each glucose molecule (with 6 carbons) is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvate containing 3 carbons each.
  
  

• Is oxygen consumed during glycolysis?

  No, there is no oxygen consumed during glycolysis and therefore there is also no carbon dioxide produced.

• 3.5.2 The Krebs cycle

  This is a preview. There are 4 more flashcards available for chapter 3.5.2
  Show more cards here

• How many turns of the Krebs cycle are generated by the glycolysis of 1 glucose molecule?

  1 glucose molecule produces 2 pyruvate molecules and therefore also 2 acetyl CoA molecules through the linking step. 1 acetyl CoA molecule participates in 1 complete turn of the Krebs cycle. ==> the glycolysis of 1 glucose molecule leads to 2 complete turns in the Krebs cycle.