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• 1 Neuroanatomy

• 1.3 Non-neural Cells of the CNS

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• What two forms can microglia be found in?

  - ramified forms: dormant state

  - amoeboid forms: activitated, mobile state when engaged in phagocytic activity

• What is a Microglia?

  A special type of mononuclear phagocyte that resided in the CNS

• What are the functions of oligodendrocytes?

  - Form myelin in the CNS. (In the peripheral nervous system myelin is made by Schwann cells).

  - oligodendrocytes present antigens that influence the outgrowth of axons in developing and recovering brain

  - Unfortunately oligodendrocytes are subject to immunological attack in certain diseases of the CNS (for example: multiple sclerosis)

• What is a Node of Ranvier?

  The place where to oligodendrocytes come together and there is no myelin insulating the axon. This is the place where ion channels and ion pumps are situated.  

• What is the main function of myelin?

  Insulating axons. Therefore there is less leakage of the electrical signal

• Where are oligodendrocytes primarily found and why?

  In grey matter, as they serve mainly to form myelin to insulate axons

• Name the three forms of cells in the CNS

  - neurons

  - neuroglia cells (glia)

  - vascular endothelium

• Name the 6 basic functions of neuroglia cells

  - support the metabolic and signaling functions of neurons

  - participates in neuron circuit formation and synaps plasticity

  - make myelin (axonal insulation)

  - contribute to formation of blood-brain barrier

  - participate in inflammatory response in injured neural tissue, including the phagocytosis of cellular debris

  - contribute to the formation of scat tissue in damaged neural tissue

• Name the three most important types of neuroglia

  - Astrocytes

  - Oligodendrocytes

  - Microglia

• Where are Astrocytes primarily found and why?

  Gray matte, because astrocytes are closely associated with cell bodies, dendrites and synapses