Read the summary and the most important questions on Case 6 Adipose tissue, about fat and beyond

• 1 How is lipolysis regulated? Which enzymes are involved? And how is FA and glucose storage regulated?

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• 1.1 Lipolysis

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• Which factors stimulate lipolysis?

  Adrenaline, noradrenaline and glucagon stimulate lipolysis.

• Which factor inhibit lipolysis?

  Insulin inhibits lipolysis.

• What happens to fatty acids in bèta oxidation?

  In bèta oxidation fatty acids are broken down by the sequential removal of 2-carbon units.

• What happens to the fatty acids after they've been liberated from stored triacylglycerol?

  The liberated fatty acids are released into the plasma as non-esterified fatty acids bound to albumin. So they are made available to other tissues.

• 1.1.1 Enzymes in lipolysis

• What is the role of lipases in lipolysis?

  Lipase digests triglycerides into glycerol and 3 fatty acids.

• Where are the lipases involved in lipolysis, situated?

  The lipases involved in lipolysis, are situated within adipocytes.

• Which lipases are involved in lipolysis (2)?

  The two lipases involved in lipolysis are: adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL).

• What is the role of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)?

  ATGL removes the first fatty acid. The triacylglycerol changes into diacylglycerol.

• What is the role of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)?

  HSL removes the second fatty acid. The diacylglycerol changes into monoacylglycerol.

• What kind of enzyme removes the third fatty acid?

  A monoacylglycerol lipase removes the third fatty acid. So it changes monoacylglycerol into glycerol and a fatty acid.