Read the summary and the most important questions on European International Politics

• Topic 8 - Pre-Commutarian stage

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• Describe the Pre-Communitarian period in four stages:

  1. The Inter-War background (Coudenhove-Kalergi, Briand). 
     
  2. The Zurich Speech (1946): The United States of Europe. 
  3. The Hague Congress (1948): The breakdown between federalists and unionists. 
  4. The Council of Europe (1949): Classical international cooperation. 

• Describe the background of integration and disintegration in Europe:

  • Multinational European Empires (integration by force). 
    
  • XIXth centurty nationalism. 
  • Zollverein (1834) - German customs union. 

  
  
  First debate: Economic integration drives towards political integration? 
  
  

  • WWI 1914-1918. 

• What events happened after the First World War regarding integration and disintegration in Europe?

  • Attempt to overcome political and economic nationalism. 
    

  
  
  Europe as a solution: Development of an European idea. 

• Who created the Paneuropean Union in 1922?

  Count Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi.

• Paneuropa from Coudenhove-Kalergi. Creates the Paneuropean Union in 1922 (idealist). He published the book Paneuropa (1923): Europe as a political concept does not exist. This part of the world gathers peoples and states that live in chaos, over a powder keg of international conflicts that will also bring future conflicts.Describe the four stages of the Integration process:

  1. Paneuropean conference.
     
  2. Arbitration agreements.
  3. Customs Union.
  4. Creation of the United States of Europe.

• First Paneuropean Congress (Vienna, 1926). Delegates from all European continental countries except for two. Which two?

  • United Kingdom. 
    
  • USSR. 
    

• In which year breaks Coudenhove-Kalergi with the Paneuropean Union and starts supporting De Gaulle?

  1965.

• Who is Aristide Briand?

  French FA minister since 1925 and Honorary President of the Paneuropean Union (1927).

• Describe the Locarno treaties of 1925:

  Group of several treaties in which Germany, France, Belgium, United Kingdom and Italy guaranteed the maintenance of peace in Western Europe.

• What aspect is seen as the core of European Peace?

  The core of peace in Europe is the rapprochement between France and Germany, but that will only be achieved within an organized Europe.