Samenvatting Class notes - GEN-21803

Vak
- GEN-21803
- Sijmen Schoustra
- 2019 - 2020
- Wageningen University (Wageningen University, Wageningen)
- Voeding en Gezondheid
307 Flashcards en notities
1 Studenten

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Samenvatting - Class notes - GEN-21803

  • 1589148001 Puzzel C1

  • Enzyme that can 'glue together' (join end to end) DNA molecules.
    Ligase
  • Another word for egg cells and sperm cells
    Gametes
  • A nucleotide that forms a double hydrogen bond with its complement in DNA
    Thymine
    Adenine
  • Variations on a gene
    Alleles
  • The idea that continuous traits are controlled by multiple Mendelian genes is called the ... Hypothesis
    Multifactorial
  • Deciphering the exact nucleotide sequence of DNA molecules
    DNA sequencing
  • Three nucleotides coding for a specific amino acid
    Codon
  • This is regulated by regulatory elements
    Gene expression
  • .... Can copy DNA
    DNA polymerase
  • The DNA sequence to which the regulatory protein is bound in figure 1-9
    Regulatory element
  • What QTL stands for
    Quantitative trait locus
  • Study of complete gene sets
    Genomics
  • The process by which a copy of the DNA is produced
    DNA replication
  • Complementary to cytosine
    Guanine
  • Most of your cells are ...
    Somatic cells
  • Species used in experimental biology in order to learn about groups of species
    Modelorganism
  • An organism with foreign DNA inserted in its own DNA
    GMO
  • Abbreviation of single nucleotide polymorphism
    SNP
  • Opposite of recessive
    Dominant
  • Figure 1-7 depicts a model in which one gene encodes one ...
    Enzyme
  • A common view on inheritance before the genetics revolution began
    Blending theory
  • A change of one nucleotide in the DNA to another
    Pointmutation
  • The process of inserting foreign DNA into organisms
    Transformation
  • Fitting together like pieces of a puzzle, in this case with hydrogen bonds
    Complementary
  • Theory proven by Morgan when he demonstrated genes are on chromosomes
    Chromosome theory
  • Enzyme that can cut DNA
    Nuclease
  • Complementary to guanine
    Cytosine
  • Fundamental unit of biological information
    Gene
  • What this course is all about
    Genetics
  • RNA synthesis from a DNA template
    Transcription
  • Template for protein synthesis
    Messenger RNA
  • Polypeptide production
    Translation
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Laatst toegevoegde flashcards

(jaartal....) Mendel presented his laws of inheritance

1865

Homozygoot

Heterozygoot

genes and alleles
07/06/2020 by Alin
What is the formula for broad-sense heritability?Explain this formula in words.
H^2 = Vg / Vg + Ve

the total phenotypic variance in a population is based on the environment (e) and genetics (g);
the broad-sense heritability is the fraction of the total phenotypic variance that is due to genetics.
05/06/2020 by Alin
Can you conclude from the high H^2 of height that the considerable variation in height between e.g. People from North-Korea and the Netherland is mostly due to genetics?
No, H^2 calculated for one population cannot be used to interpret differences to other populations. In North-Korea both environment and genetics are different to that in the Netherlands.
05/06/2020 by Alin
For which trait in humans is the broad-sense heritability highest and for which one lowest?Explain the meaning of this variation in broad-sense heritability?
  1. Highet for "height" ; lowest: "speed of information acquisition"...
  2. Differences in height in human populations are mainly  based on genetic differences within the population, not on environmental differences
05/06/2020 by Alin
Hardy-Weinberg law -- Deviation (from random mating)assortative mating =disassortative mating =
Assortative mating = mating with a partner that is similar


disassortative mating = mating with a partner that is dissimilar

als je een van deze twee hebt geldt hardy-weinberg niet meer
05/06/2020 by Alin
WHy are there no codons in the intron?
Introns are spliced out, so it is not in the mature mRNA and will not be translated
05/06/2020 by Alin
pyrosequencingHow are the DNA strands in step 1 obtained?why is there a PCR reaction in step 2?why is each bead placed in a single well in step 3?
  1. This is e.g. Genomic DNA (to make sure the whole genome is sufficiently represented a high coverage is needed), or exomic (only exons, for protein encoding genes) ....
  2. to amplify the fragment so that a stronger signal will be obtained in the following reactions
  3. you want to study individual beads for whether a base is incorporated or not
05/06/2020 by Alin
Genomics
The cloning and molecular characterisation of entire genomes.
05/06/2020 by Alin
The F1 is uniform but the backcross (BC1) offspring is highly variable.Why do we call this a backcross?Does this suggest that the parents Beefmaster and Sungold are homozygous parents?Is fruit size a quantitative trait?
  1. The F1 is back-crossed to the Beefmaster parent
  2. Yes
  3. Yes, the fruit of the segregating BC1 plants show continuous variation in size.
04/06/2020 by Alin
What would the value for h^2 have been if in part b mu were 1.25? And what if mu were 1.63?
If mu of the next generation were 1,25, there would have been no response to selection (R=0) en h^2 would be 0

If 1.63, R=0,38 and h^2 = 1
04/06/2020 by Alin

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