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Samenvatting - Class notes - GEN-21803
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1589148001 Puzzel C1
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Enzyme that can 'glue together' (join end to end) DNA molecules.Ligase
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Another word for egg cells and sperm cellsGametes
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A nucleotide that forms a double hydrogen bond with its complement in DNA
Thymine Adenine -
Variations on a geneAlleles
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The idea that continuous
traits are controlled by multipleMendelian genes is called the ... HypothesisMultifactorial -
Deciphering the exact nucleotide sequence of DNA moleculesDNA sequencing
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Three nucleotides coding for a specific amino acidCodon
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This is regulated by regulatory elementsGene expression
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.... Can copy DNADNA polymerase
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The DNA sequence to which the regulatory protein is bound in figure 1-9
Regulatory element -
What QTL stands forQuantitative trait locus
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Study of complete gene setsGenomics
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The process by which a copy of the DNA is producedDNA replication
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Complementary to cytosineGuanine
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Most of your cells are ...Somatic cells
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Species used in experimental biology in order to learn about groups of speciesModelorganism
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An organism with foreign DNA inserted in its own DNAGMO
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Abbreviation of single nucleotide polymorphismSNP
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Opposite of recessiveDominant
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Figure 1-7 depicts a model in which one gene encodes one ...Enzyme
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A common view on inheritance before the genetics revolution beganBlending theory
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A change of one nucleotide in the DNA to anotherPointmutation
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The process of inserting foreign DNA into organismsTransformation
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Fitting together like pieces of a puzzle, in this case with hydrogen bondsComplementary
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Theory proven by Morgan when he demonstrated genes are on chromosomesChromosome theory
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Enzyme that can cut DNANuclease
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Complementary to guanineCytosine
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Fundamental unit of biological informationGene
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What this course is all aboutGenetics
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RNA synthesis from a DNA templateTranscription
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Template for protein synthesisMessenger RNA
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Polypeptide productionTranslation
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Laatst toegevoegde flashcards
(jaartal....) Mendel presented his laws of inheritance
1865
Homozygoot
Heterozygoot
genes and alleles
What is the formula for broad-sense heritability?Explain this formula in words.
the total
the
Can you conclude from the high H^2 of height that the considerable variation in height between e.g. People from North-Korea and the Netherland is mostly due to genetics?
No, H^2 calculated for one population cannot be used to interpret differences to other populations . In North-Korea both environment and genetics are different to that in the Netherlands .
For which trait in humans is the broad-sense heritability highest and for which one lowest?Explain the meaning of this variation in broad-sense heritability?
Highet for "height" ; lowest: "speed of informationacquisition "...- Differences in height in human
populations are mainly based on genetic differences within the population, not on environmental differences
Hardy-Weinberg law -- Deviation (from random mating)assortative mating =disassortative mating =
als je een van deze twee hebt geldt hardy-weinberg niet meer
WHy are there no codons in the intron?
pyrosequencingHow are the DNA strands in step 1 obtained?why is there a PCR reaction in step 2?why is each bead placed in a single well in step 3?
- This is e.g.
Genomic DNA (to make sure the wholegenome issufficiently represented a high coverage is needed), orexomic (onlyexons , for proteinencoding genes) .... - to
amplify the fragment so that a stronger signal will be obtained in the following reactions - you want to study individual beads for whether a base is incorporated or not
Genomics
The cloning and molecular characterisation of entire genomes.
The F1 is uniform but the backcross (BC1) offspring is highly variable.Why do we call this a backcross?Does this suggest that the parents Beefmaster and Sungold are homozygous parents?Is fruit size a quantitative trait?
- The
F1 is back-crossed to theBeefmaster parent - Yes
- Yes, the fruit of the segregating
BC1 plants show continuous variation in size.
What would the value for h^2 have been if in part b mu were 1.25? And what if mu were 1.63?
If mu of the next generation were 1,25 , there would have been no response to selection (R=0) en h^2 would be 0
If 1.63, R=0,38 and h^2 = 1
If 1.63, R=