Read the summary and the most important questions on Language (Felix)

• Lecture 1 - Introduction

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• What componentsof language can we find in chest-nut crowned babblers?

  - Discreteness: Flight & Nestle call build by same components 
  - Semanticity: Different behavior for different calls

• What component of language do bees show?

  Displacement --> Talking about things not here & now
  
  Generativity --> Can form alot of different messages
  
  Don't show arbitrariness --> Dance is refering to the real world

• What is continuity when talking about language in animals & humans?

  Human language is quantitatively different.
  But qualitatively the same. 

• What did Chimsky show (Nim)?

  Some communication of sign language

• What is the difference between Nim & Kanzi how they learned 'language'?

  Nim: Operant conditioning
  Kanzi: Immersion learning

• What are some doubts we can raise about animal sign language learning?

  Clever Hans effects.
  Observer effects.

• What is definitely a difference between animal & human language (in research):

  Grammar:
  - Animals some copying of grammar, but no strict incorporation
  
  Social Aspects of language:- Animals no turn-taking
  - Signing when observer unable to seen them
  - But: Natural communication --> Some turn-taking

• What is Modularity when talking about language in animals & humans?

  Language consists of independent modules that are either present or absent in different species.
  - Some animals only have 1 or 2 modules
  - We have them all

• What trait are necessary to learn language? (Comparing humans & animals)

  - Vocal mimicry: Ability to imitate sounds

• Why can vocal mimicry be a byproduct of dancing (or vice versa?)

  Recognition & aniticipation of rhythm crucial for vocal mimicry