Read the summary and the most important questions on Political International Europe

• Topic 1: Evolution of the European order: Towards a security community?

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• Evolution of the European order. Define three European states systems from 1648-1945:

  • Peace of Westphalia 1648. 
    
  • Vienna Congress 1815. 
  • Before WWI 1890-1914. 

• Evolution of the European order. Define three systems in Bipolar Europe 1945-1950:

  • Communitarian Europe 1950-2018. 
    
  • New Europe 1990-2018. 
  • Map of present European organizations. 

• Describe the emergence of the Modern State:

  • From a Christian Imperial order to a rational order rules by a Confederation of autonomous nation-states. End of the multiple authority’s system (ius territorials, ius reformandi cuius regio, eiur religio, ius belli et paces and ius fouderis).
    
    
  • The State as the top political institution in the international system.
    
    
  • Rise of the new European powers (Kingdom of Sweden) and enhancement of the role of France. 
    
    
  • Balance of power. 

• The new principles of the international system provoked reactions. Describe those reactions:

  Liberal revolutions and nationalism.

•  Before WWII (1890-1914)   Replacement of Bismarck alliances system by Kaiser William II Weltpolitik. Triple Alliance (Germany – Austria – Hungary – Italy) vs. Triple Entente (France-UK-Russia). From a European concert to a World concert (rise of USA and Japan). Technological revolution: 2nd Industrial Revolution allows a forces correlation change, Define the forces: 

  • Germany vs. UK. 
    
  • Franco-German rivalry regarding Alsace-Lorraine. 
  • Russia vs. Austria-Hungary rivalry (Balkans). 

• New Europe (1990-2018) According to Richard Zapata, “frontier” as a political concept has 3 characteristics. Define those 3 characteristics: 

  1. Primary political institution. 
     
  2. Process. 
  3. Functional notion. 

• Topic 2: The partition of Europe.

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• Western Europe reconstruction. Post WWII. Define the three most important events:

  • The marshall plan - containment. 
    
  • The OEEC: European economic reconstruction. 
  • German reconstruction: GFR and GDR. 

• The OEEC: European economic reconstruction. Define the timespan:

  1948.

• German reconstruction: GFR and GDR. Define the timespan:

  1949.

• Name the three conferences that defined the new world order:

  • Tehran 1943. 
    
  • Yalta 1945. 
  • Potsdam 1945.