Read the summary and the most important questions on Cultures and organizations : software of the mind : intercultural cooperation and its importance for survival | 9780071664189 | Geert Hofstede, Gert Jan Hofstede, Michael Minkov.

• 1 the rules of the social game

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• What are the layers of the onion model? (outside>inside)

  -Symbols (visible)= words, gestures, pictures or objects 
  -Heroes (visible)= persons, dead or alive, real or imaginary
  -Rituals (visible)=ways of greeting, paying respect to others, language
  -Values (invisible)= evil vs. good, ugly vs. beautiful
  
  -Practices= symbols, rituals and heroes visible to an outside observer but invisible cultural meaning.

• Power distance defenition

  The extent to which the less powerfull members of institutions(family, school etc.) and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed equally.

• Power distance subjects

  -difference in incomes
  -decision-making
  -responsibility
  -democrat/autocrat
  -dependace on management

• Individualism/Collectivism subjects

  -I/we cultures
  -self- teamorientated
  -individual goals / group loyalty
  -personal freedom / well-being of the group

• masculinity / femininity subjects

  -succes/quality of life and care for others 
  -analytical/intuitive
  -competition/cooperation
  -self-assertion/willingness to adapt
  -live to work/work to live
  -performance/sensivity,empathy

• Uncertainty avoidance subjects

  -resistance change / open for
  -worry about future / little worries about future
  -details in contracts / avoidance too many rules & formalities
  -expert knowledge / common sense
  -formalization / flexible organisation
  -desire detailed rules and their control / aversion to rules

• 1.3 Symbols, Heroes, Rituals and values

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• What are four common ways for cultures to manifest them selfs?

  Symbols, Heroes, Rituals and values.

• 4 I, We, and They

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• What is difference between individualism and collectivism? 

  Individualism – relations in society are loose people should look after themselves

  Collectivism – people are from birth integrated in strong cohesive in-group, which protects them in exchange for their loyalty

• 5 He, She, an (S)he

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• Traits for Masculinity and Femininity

  Masculine

  ·      Earning

  ·      Recognition – do a good jib

  ·      Advancement – career

  ·      Challenge – what to to 

  Feminine

  ·      Manager – good working relationship with direct superior

  ·      Cooperation – work well with one another

  ·      Living area – desirable area

  ·      Employment security – to be able to work for company as long as you want

• formulation of masculine and feminine society

  Society is called masculine when emotional gender roles are clearly distinct, men supposed to be tough, assertive, material success focus, women supposed to be modest, tender, concerned quality of life

  A society called feminine when emotional gender roles overlap:

  Men and women modest, tender, concerned quality of life