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• Vraag 2: Lymphoid effector cells are: A: Innate immunity and it takes some days before they get activated. B: Acquired/adaptive immunity and they respond rapidly. C: Innate immunity and they respond rapidly.D: Acquired immunity and they respond after some days.

  D.

• Openvraag: Name one lymphoid effector cell and atleast three myoloid effector cell.

  Lymphoid --> NK cell.

  Myeloid --> Macrophage, neutrophil, mastcell, basophil, eosinophil and monocyte.

• Open vraag: Compare innate immunity to adaptive immunity and give at least 5 differences between them.

  1. Less specific.

  2. No memory.

  3. Rapid amplification (acute inflammation)

  4. Pre-excisting system.

  5. Acts at body surfaces.

  6. Involves phagocytes.

• Open vraag: Where do monocytes differentiate into macrophages?

  In the tissues.

• What is true about macrophages? A: They secrete toxic oxygen products. B: They do not secrete any products that are harmfull to the noxe. C: They are phagocytic. D: They are not the initial sensors.

  A and C.

• What is the role of SOD in the respiratory burst? A. It converts superoxide O2- into hydrogen peroxide. B. It converts superoxide OH- into hydrogen peroxide. C. It converts hydrogen peroxide into hypchlorite ions and hydroxy radicals. D. It has no role in the respiratory burst.

  A.

• Open vraag: Describe the pathway of the respiratory burst from the part of activated NADPH oxidase to hypochlorite and hydroxyl radicals and which those redicals are. (3 steps)

  NADPH oxidase converts O2 molecules to the superoxide O2- --> Then SOD converts O2- into hydrogen peroxidase (H2O2) --> Then peroxidase enzyme and iron further convert the hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorite ions and hydroxyl radicals (OH-).

• Open vraag: Are neutrophils short lived or longlived.

  Shortlived.

• What is true about neutrophils: Correct the things that are not true.A. There are few neutrophils in blood. B. Neutrophils are always present in healthy tissues.  C. Neutrophils are phagocytic. D. Neutrophils are granulated. E. Neutrophils secrete toxic oxygen products.

  C, D and E are true.
  A. There are very much neutrophils in blood.

  B. Neutrophils are not present in healthy tissues.

   

• Open vraag: Name 2 enzymes in the bactericidal components of phagocytic cells and give their function.

  Lysozyme --> Dissolves cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria.

  Acid hydrolases --> Further digest bacteria.