Read the summary and the most important questions on Principles of exercise testing and interpretation : including pathophysiology and clinical applications | 9781609138998 | Karlman Wasserman ... [et al.].

• 1 Exercise Testing and Interpretation

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• 1.1 Cell respiration and bioenergetics

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• Name the 3 mechanisms for energy supply.

  1. Aerobic (O2-requiring) oxidation of substrate (glycogen and fatty acids)

  2. Anaerobic hydrolysis of PCr (phosphocreatine)

  3. Anaerobic oxidation of glycogen or glucose (forming lactate)

• Which energy mechanisms is responsible for the O2-deficit and O2 debt during recovery?

  The anaerobic hydrolysis of PCr

• In what way does PCr contribute to ATP regeneration?

  A reservoir of PCr is present in the muscle.

  1. PCr splits in Cr and Pi. P can bond with ADP to form ATP again. 

  2. It also acts a a shuttle to translocate Pi from the mitochondria towards the myofibril. 

• What happens when the cell becomes O2 poor?

  During the glycolysis NAD+ is reduced to NADH + H+. When there is no O2 present to 'catch' the protons (H+), the H+ binds to pyruvate which makes lactate (NADH + H+ --> NAD+ +lactate).

• Does the splitting of PCr increases the cell's acidity or decreases it?

  PCr is a relatively strong acid, so when it splits to Cr (which is neutral) the cell becomes less acidic

• How many protons are produced with each lactate ion?

  1 H+

• By with molecule is the H+ (produced by lactate) buffered during anaerobic glycolysis?

  By HCO3  - (bicarbonate)

• Why does the PCr reaction consumes CO2?

  Because the splitting of PCr makes the cell less acidic, H20 + CO2 --> H2CO3 --> HCO3 - + H+. The H+ in this reaction brings the cell acidity back to basic values (?)

• 1.2 why measure gas exchange to evaluate..

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• welke reacties kunnen gemeten worden met cardiopulmonary exercise testing(CPET)

  reacties in de cellen, in het cardiovasculaire systeen en ventilatoire systeem
  

• What 3 system can be measured simultaneously with CPET?

  1. The cellular system

  2. Cardiovascular system

  3. Ventilatory system